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© 2026 · 1.2 · Public-domain texts unless otherwise noted.

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The Forerunner in the Gospels

Saints›Holy Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist John›The Forerunner in the Gospels

Holy Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist John

The Forerunner in the Gospels

The scriptural witness, from his conception to his beheading

Contents8 sections▾
  1. 1The annunciation to Zacharias
  2. 2The prophecy of Zacharias
  3. 3The preaching at the Jordan
  4. 4The Baptism of the Lord
  5. 5Behold the Lamb of God
  6. 6He must increase, but I must decrease
  7. 7The Lord's witness concerning John
  8. 8The beheading
01

The annunciation to Zacharias

Editor's note

The Gospel of Luke opens not with the Lord's birth but with the Forerunner's. Gabriel, who will stand before Mary six months later, stands first at the altar of incense and tells an old priest that his prayer is heard. The Church keeps this conception on the twenty-third of September.

Luke 1:13-17 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John.

And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth.

For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb.

And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God.

And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.

02

The prophecy of Zacharias

Editor's note

At the child's circumcision the father's tongue, bound since his doubt in the temple, is loosed, and the first thing he does with it is prophesy. The lines addressed to the infant John set out his whole vocation in advance: prophet of the Highest, going before the face of the Lord.

Luke 1:76-79 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways;

To give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their sins,

Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us,

To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.

03

The preaching at the Jordan

Editor's note

The deserts give John back to Israel full-grown. Matthew reaches for Esaias to explain him: the voice of one crying in the wilderness. His preaching spares no one, and the baptism of repentance he offers gathers Jerusalem and all Judea to the river.

Matthew 3:1-12 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea,

And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.

For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.

And the same John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey.

Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about Jordan,

And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins.

But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance:

And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.

And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:

Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.

04

The Baptism of the Lord

Editor's note

The Baptist's whole ministry converges on this moment, and he tries to refuse it: I have need to be baptized of Thee. The Lord's answer, suffer it to be so now, draws the Forerunner into the mystery the Church keeps at Theophany, when the heavens open and the Trinity is made manifest at the Jordan.

Matthew 3:13-17 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.

But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?

And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.

And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him:

And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.

Notes

  • The Synaxis of the Forerunner is kept on the seventh of January, the day after Theophany, honouring the one who lent his hand to the mystery.
05

Behold the Lamb of God

Editor's note

In the Fourth Gospel the Baptist's witness is deliberate and repeated: he is not the Christ, and he points his own disciples away from himself to the One whose shoe's latchet he is not worthy to unloose.

John 1:29-34 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.

This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me.

And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water.

And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him.

And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.

And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God.

06

He must increase, but I must decrease

Editor's note

When John's disciples grow jealous for their teacher's honour, the Forerunner gives the answer that has stood ever since as the measure of every ministry, and of every Christian life.

John 3:27-30 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven.

Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but that I am sent before him.

He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled.

He must increase, but I must decrease.

07

The Lord's witness concerning John

Editor's note

John, in prison, sends to ask whether Jesus is He that should come. The Lord answers the messengers from Esaias, and then turns to the multitude and says of John what He said of no other man.

Matthew 11:7-11 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

And as they departed, Jesus began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken with the wind?

But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses.

But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet.

For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee.

Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist: notwithstanding he that is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.

08

The beheading

Editor's note

Mark tells the end without ornament: a king's oath, a dance, a mother's grudge, and the head of the greatest of the prophets given in a charger. The Church keeps the Beheading on the twenty-ninth of August as a day of strict fasting.

Mark 6:17-29 (KJV)

Scripture·Verbatim Scripture.

For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife: for he had married her.

For John had said unto Herod, It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother's wife.

Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him; but she could not:

For Herod feared John, knowing that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly.

And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee;

And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it thee.

And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom.

And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptist.

And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.

And the king was exceeding sorry; yet for his oath's sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her.

And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,

And brought his head in a charger, and gave it to the damsel: and the damsel gave it to her mother.

And when his disciples heard of it, they came and took up his corpse, and laid it in a tomb.

Notes

  • The historian Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews XVIII.5.2) records that John was imprisoned and put to death at the fortress of Machaerus, beyond the Jordan, and that many of the Jews saw Herod's later defeat as God's judgment for it.

Source: Text drawn from the King James Version (1611, public domain). Editorial framing by the editors of Purify.